Due Diligence Execution

Due Diligence Execution

Kate Craven

35 years: Capital markets

In this video, Kate sets out the key elements of the due diligence investigation as well as the timing and extent of due diligence for different markets and different products. She further provides some insight into who is responsible for performing due diligence within banks. 

In this video, Kate sets out the key elements of the due diligence investigation as well as the timing and extent of due diligence for different markets and different products. She further provides some insight into who is responsible for performing due diligence within banks. 

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Due Diligence Execution

12 mins 52 secs

Key learning objectives:

  • Understand the three elements that constitute due diligence

  • Understand the timing and extent of due diligence for different markets and different products

Overview:

The goal of the due diligence exercise is to protect the issuer and the lead manager (or lead managers) against potential claims made by investors. The best defence is to show that, in preparing the prospectus, the issuer behaved prudently and that duty of care owed to investors was properly discharged.

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Summary

What are the key elements of due diligence investigation?

Essentially, there are three key elements to consider – financial due diligence, business due diligence and legal due diligence.

The comfort letter provided by the issuer's auditors is part of the financial due diligence process. It is important to think through what is really going on in the business. For a debut issuer or highly structured covenanted deal, the lawyers may also investigate and confirm that the new issue will not be in breach of existing covenants. Legal and documentary due diligence is covered by a combination of  the legal opinion and the contractual protections. These must be looked at holistically and may need to be adapted to the specifics of a transaction.

For example, if an issuer asks the banks to waive a comfort letter, could additional questions be added to the due diligence call? If a 10b-5 letter is to be provided, the scope of documents to be reviewed will be extensive. These could include site visits to the issuer's key facilities and interviews with important third parties. Some of these documents will be commercially highly sensitive, and accordingly, access to them may be restricted to key members of the due diligence team.

Understand the timing and extent of due diligence for different markets and different products

The process for preparing a prospectus for an initial public offering (IPO) can begin with a series of due diligence meetings and follow-up discussions with the lead manager and senior management. For a first-time issuer, the process could take longer and involve considerably more work as the company may need to draft its own prospectus from scratch. For a standalone bond issue, due diligence will happen before pricing. For frequent issuers, as well as investment-grade issuers outside the U.S., due diligence is likely to take the form of a phone call. Due diligence will also be carried out at the establishment of a Medium Term Note programme and upon each annual update.

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Kate Craven

Kate Craven

Kate is a senior member of ICMA and consults on various projects including the recent update of the Primary Market Handbook. Kate previously served as Director at Barclays Plc in the Legal Department. She was responsible for the team specialising in debt capital markets. Prior to joining Barclays, she served as Director at Merrill Lynch. Kate had started in the Transaction Management Group at Merrill Lynch International in 1993 before spending two years in Tokyo with Merrill Lynch Japan Securities. She later headed the team responsible for the documentation of syndicated Eurobonds and EMTN programmes. Kate became chair of the Legal & Documentation Committee of the ICMA in 2001 and was listed as one of the 8 top in-house lawyers in the 2001 edition of Chambers and Partners Index to Leading Lawyers.

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